N F Murphy 1, S Stewart 2, C L Hart 3, K MacIntyre 3, D Hole 3 and J J V McMurray 1
1)Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
2)Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
3)Department of Public Health and Health Policy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Objective: To examine the long-term cardiovascular consequences of angina in a large epidemiological study.
Design: Prospective cohort study conducted between 1972 and 1976 with 20 years of follow-up (the Renfrew–Paisley Study).
Participants: 7048 men and 8354 women aged 45–64 years who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular screening at baseline, including the Rose Angina Questionnaire and electrocardiography (ECG).
Main outcome measures: All deaths and hospitalisations for cardiovascular reasons occurring over the subsequent 20 years, according to the baseline Rose angina score and baseline ECG.
Results: At baseline, 669 (9.5%) men and 799 (9.6%) women had angina on Rose Angina Questionnaire. All-cause mortality for those with Rose angina was 67.7% in men and 43.3% in women at 20 years compared with 45.4% and 30.4%, respectively, in those without angina (p<0.001). Values are expressed as hazards ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI). In a multivariate analysis, men with Rose angina had an increased risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation (1.49 (1.33 to 1.66), myocardial infarction (1.63 (1.41 to 1.85)) or heart failure (1.54 (1.13 to 2.10)) compared with men without angina. The corresponding HR (95% CI) for women were 1.38 (1.23 to 1.55), 1.56 (1.31 to 1.85) and 1.92 (1.44 to 2.56). An abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) increased risk further, and both angina and an abnormality on the ECG increased risk most of all compared with those with neither angina nor ischaemic changes on the ECG. Compared with men, women with Rose angina were less likely to have a cardiovascular event (0.54 (0.46 to 0.64)) or myocardial infarction (0.44 (0.35 to 0.56)), although there was no sex difference in the risk of stroke (1.11 (0.75 to 1.65)), atrial fibrillation (0.84 (0.38 to 1.87)) or heart failure (0.79 (0.51 to 1.21)).
Conclusions: Angina in middle age substantially increases the risk of death, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other cardiovascular events.
Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiography; ICD9, International classification of diseases, 9th revision
Heart 2006;92:1739-1746
© 2006 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Cardiovascular Society
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