Noor A. Jatoi; Paula Jerrard-Dunne; John Feely; Azra Mahmud
From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor and pathophysiological mechanisms may include a stiff vascular tree. Although smokers have stiffer arteries, whether smoking cessation is associated with reduced arterial stiffness is not known.
We compared never-treated patients with essential hypertension (n=554) aged 18 to 80 years (56% females) classified as current smokers (n=150), ex-smokers (n=136), and nonsmokers (n=268). Ex-smokers were categorized into <1>1 and <10>10 years of smoking cessation.
Measurements included aortic stiffness, assessed as pulse wave velocity (Complior), wave reflection (augmentation index [AIx]), and transit time (TR) (Sphygmocor).
Current and ex-smokers had significantly higher pulse wave velocity and AIx compared with nonsmokers (pulse wave velocity for current smokers: 10.7±0.2; ex-smokers: 10.6±0.2; nonsmokers: 9.9±0.1 m/s; P<0.001; AIx for current smokers: 31±1; ex-smokers: 30±1; nonsmokers: 27±0.8%; P<0.05), whereas TR was lower in current and ex-smokers compared with nonsmokers (TR for current smokers: 131±1.0; ex-smokers: 135±1; nonsmokers: 137±0.8 m/s; P<0.0001).
There was a significant linear relationship between smoking status and pulse wave velocity (P<0.001), AIx (P<0.001), and TR (P<0.001), even after adjusting for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and body mass index.
In ex-smokers, duration of smoking cessation had a significant linear relationship with improvement in pulse wave velocity (P<0.001), AIx (P<0.001), and TR (P<0.001), with arterial stiffness parameters returning to nonsignificant levels after a decade of smoking cessation.
Key Words: smoking • arterial stiffness • pulse wave velocity • augmentation index • hypertension • smoking cessation
Hypertension. 2007;49:981.
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/5/981
From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor and pathophysiological mechanisms may include a stiff vascular tree. Although smokers have stiffer arteries, whether smoking cessation is associated with reduced arterial stiffness is not known.
We compared never-treated patients with essential hypertension (n=554) aged 18 to 80 years (56% females) classified as current smokers (n=150), ex-smokers (n=136), and nonsmokers (n=268). Ex-smokers were categorized into <1>1 and <10>10 years of smoking cessation.
Measurements included aortic stiffness, assessed as pulse wave velocity (Complior), wave reflection (augmentation index [AIx]), and transit time (TR) (Sphygmocor).
Current and ex-smokers had significantly higher pulse wave velocity and AIx compared with nonsmokers (pulse wave velocity for current smokers: 10.7±0.2; ex-smokers: 10.6±0.2; nonsmokers: 9.9±0.1 m/s; P<0.001; AIx for current smokers: 31±1; ex-smokers: 30±1; nonsmokers: 27±0.8%; P<0.05), whereas TR was lower in current and ex-smokers compared with nonsmokers (TR for current smokers: 131±1.0; ex-smokers: 135±1; nonsmokers: 137±0.8 m/s; P<0.0001).
There was a significant linear relationship between smoking status and pulse wave velocity (P<0.001), AIx (P<0.001), and TR (P<0.001), even after adjusting for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and body mass index.
In ex-smokers, duration of smoking cessation had a significant linear relationship with improvement in pulse wave velocity (P<0.001), AIx (P<0.001), and TR (P<0.001), with arterial stiffness parameters returning to nonsignificant levels after a decade of smoking cessation.
Key Words: smoking • arterial stiffness • pulse wave velocity • augmentation index • hypertension • smoking cessation
Hypertension. 2007;49:981.
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/5/981
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